Refillable plastic material container



4 Sheets-Sheet lr N. EAI-YOZiAN REFILLABLE PLASTC MATERIAL CONTAINERFiled Jan. 30

Sept. a, 1936.

Sept. 8, 199,6.l N. BALYozlAN REFILLABLE PLASTIC MATERIAL CONTAINER 4Sheets-Sheet 2 fr l l .Il Il l .liI

Filed Jan. 50, 1953 INVENTOR ORNEYS N. BALYOZIAN REFILLABLE PLASTCMATERIAL CONTAINER sept. 8, w36.

30, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 mvENToR ///cf/ams Filed` Jan.

N. BALYozlAN REFILLABLE PLASTIC MATERIAL CONTAINER Filed Jan. so, 1953 4sheds-sheet 4 sept. s, 1936.

l solid or viscous liquids.

` materials and viscous liquids 1,5-

liquids presents dling, shipping, storing, and the emptying of solidping containers and thus remove the "such as tar, resin, vgum and thelike. This delstroys the containers and vprevents theirr-,re-use' .ofAthis invention to provide re-iillable barrel Patented, cpto 89 ,ij

aannam Pms'rro Megaman `"ai" i'l I .the Dupose of melting and drainingout the viscous 'and semi-solid materials; and the barrels may be usedcontinuously for-shipments from the producer to the consumer.

A further obect is AAforms ofbarrel or drum constructions, any number ofwhich maybe 4connected together on a serv- .ice line for heating one ormore barrels to warm and re-soften the 'congealed or hardened contentsto-a viscous pouring consistency so that the barrels may be completelydrained and no v"material This invention appertains to Acontainer' orvbarrel constructions and receptacles such as shipping drums and thelike, and more particularly relatesto the re-llable use thereof in thehanmaterials having a 4low meltingpoint and semivThe invention providesvnovel facilities for `handling materials of the class in question suchIas the variety of resins, phenols, asphalts, wakes and tars generallytransported in one-use containers which are broken open and thusdestroyed in removing these solids. and semi-solid or plastic such -aschinawood oil, linseed oil, castor oil; glycols, lg1ucose,.and glycerinewhich are difcult to remove from their containersm" The handling of theabove named materials anda problem inthe'indstry as'reparatus foremptying the barrels, wherein one or gards shipping, storage andemptyingsame when, more barrels 'constitute an element of thecomreceived at'the consumers plant or other desti` bination; and theinvention addresses itself to the nation. It is the general practice, inthel case of production of barrels whichl readily connect with solidvmaterials,-to.chop or break open the ship- I"the emptying apparatus.'

contents comprise veither anfelectrjic power line for' raising thetemperature', of `electrical yheating elements provided inthe drumsorconsist of aheating uid line such as a steam, hot water lor hot oil pipelines to heat the barrel and' its contents.y

Wider useof synthetic resins andfothervlike materials, effects savingsin boththe materials and f shipping containers, and otherwise ,lls aneed felt \--in the industry and chemical i'leld fora solution of theproblems' involved in the handling oi these `With the foregoing andother objects in View,

and leads to expense, and it is a general purpose means for shipping,storing andemptying these materials into a kettle or vat for furtherpreparation andusei f r Y x f Furthermore, the chopping` and breakingopen of the shipping'` containersto get at or free the contents thereofis anvawkward and hazardous operation at best since axes or other toolsare used to break open drums or containers with the result that' thematerial is scattered and subjected to dirt and other unsanitaryconditions on the Work floor, tosay the least of the danger to Workmenfrom -theaxes and also contact with flying materials or chips and piecesof lethal materials, many of which are corrosive and destructive. Myinvention .provides a safer and more sanitary. method of handling thesematerials, and eliminates the necessity of collecting the brokenpiecesand chips after the barrel has been chopped open, avoids the loss ofmaterial whichadheres to the container walls or pieces thrown away orJwasted by careless-workmen, and avoids getting the material dirty in theprocess of breaking open the present-day containers.

Therefore, it is an object ofithis invention to produce re-usab'lebarrel means or shipping and storage drums which are rugged inconstruction, have long life, are capable of being heated for closed inrespect tdshipping and storage containers, the problems solved inrespect to more economical meansfor handling viscous and senilfsoiids,the mode of application and use as regards emptying and re-use of thevarious types of barrel structures illustratedlin the accompanyingdrawings which show several to bring out the breadth thereof, asfollows:

The first'example of the invention in Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectionthrough a barrel or shipping and storage drum constructed in accordancewith the principles of this invention and showing a peripheral jacketmeans about the barrel sides. The second form of the invention is shownin nal section of a'v barrel having a combination cylindrical and ,heador uend jacket means by which the entire surface area of the contents isheated for the purpose of re-softening and draining the same from thebarrel. -Figure 3 is a cross section on the line 3--3 of Figure 2.

A third form of theinvention is represented in Figures 4, 5, and `6wherein is shown barrel to produce several types or This inventionpromotes the-development and,

examples of the invention Figures 2 and 3, wherein Figure 2 is alongitudiremains therein to waste. This heating line may' Another objectis to produce combination apn the invention has relation to the novelusesdisemptying apparatus to bring out the method and manner of use inemptying any one or more of the several types of barrels.

Figure 4 illustrates a barrel emptying its contents intol a receivingvat or kettle and a ud pressure rheating line having a pressurereducingvalve therein and a return pipe line with a pressure entrapping meanssuch as a steam trap,

`and this view is a section on the line 4--4 of- Figure 5. Figure 5 is aplan view Aof the structural combination shown in Figure 4. vFigure 6shows a side view of a plural barrel apparatus set up for emptying oneor vmore barrels at a time and likewise shows a pressure feed heatingline including a pressure reducing valve and 'a steam trap. Thisapparatus is adapted to be connected with service steam lines or boilersof any capacity, or may be used to supply hot water, hot oil or otherheating medium to the barrel or barrels being emptied. Y*

A fourth form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 7, 8', and `9and relates to an electrically heated re-fillable barrel means having awater heat distribution means. I

Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of' the electrically heated shippingdrum or barrel having jacket means about the entire surface thereof,sides and heads, for liquid heat distribution from an electrical heaterto re-soiten the hardened or viscous contents of the barrel tofacilitate emptying same. Thisview may be considered as taken on theiine '1 -1 of Figures 8 or 9. Figure 8 shows la cross-section on theline 8-8 of Figure '7. Figure 9 is albottom endl view of theelectrically heated barrel.

The first form in Figure 1 'I'his species "of the invention comprises asimple form of barrel construction including peripheral or side walljacket means with hot fluid inletand outlet ports for circulating Ahotwater,

oil, steam or otheriiuid heating mediums around the material to bemelted out of the barrel for emptying purposes..l f V The barrel orcontainer itself comprises substantially at container heads I0 and IIfitted A jacket'means or outer cylindrical body I1 has each end I6.thereof fitted and joined to tlie double-ply iange construction I3, I4of the barrel. The jacket means "II'may be fashioned or rolled into atrue cylindrical'form of a uniform diameter. from one end 'to the otherto aiford a barrel or drum construction having a smooth exterior, andhence the inner container' body I2 preferably' has, in the illustratedconstruction, its ends I4 drawn or fashioned outwardly at I5 by which toafford the annular heating space I8 extending entirely. around the innerwall or body I2 and from end to end thereon; vThis heat rei ceivingspace I 8 is closed by thejjoinder of the barrel ends Il and I6.

turn port 2| are made through thejacket .I`I.and communicate with theannular heating space I8.

Ordinarily the jacket I'I is made of comparative- 1y thin or light gaugemetal and hence a thicker or reenforced construction is provided at theports and 2I by which to afford pipe thread connections. To this end, aiiange or other reenforcing means 22 is secured to or made on the outershell Il for' the screw threaded inlet port 20 and outlet 'port 2| toreceive pipe connections of the barrel heating means or emptyingapparatus, examples of which are illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6.

The head I 0 of the barrel is provided with a fill inlet 24 ordinarilyclosed with ascrew plug 25 threaded into a flange or reenforced body orstock portion 26. The plug 25 is removable for pouring the viscous orsoftened material into the re-iillable barrel Ifor shipment and storage.Likewise, a drain or dischargeopening or spout is provided in the bottomend II andcomprises an apertured flange 21 internally screw threaded forthe reception of a plug 28. This discharge plug 28 is preferably alittle larger than the fill plug 25 so as to hasten the emptyingoperations which take place when bothplugs 25 and 28 are removed andtheheating chamber or jacketed space causes the hard or thick material inthe barrel to soften and flow out.

Either a weldedr or riveted barrel construction may be resorted to, andfor the purposes of this illustration there is shown rivet means 30 forjoining the ange ends I3, I4, and I 8 together to produce a rugged drumor container three-ply construction in the form of out-turned flangeswhich afford concave barrel ends. Likewise the flanges or reenforcementplates 22, 26 and 21 may be welded or riveted in place where necessaryto provide adequate screw threaded apertures for the closure plugs 25and 28 and for the inlet and f, return pipes of the heat circulatingsystem employed to raise the temperature of the barrels.

It is important to note that in many instances the riveted constructionindicated generally at 30 is preferably dispensed with either for a partor t the entire barrel construction and the welding of the partsresorted to. For example, the two bar--v rel end `flanges I3 -and I4 andthe jacket end I6 may all preferably be welded together in onehomogeneous structure and thus provide a multi or three-,ply reenforcedflange construction which produces a barrel unusually strong and ruggedat its end edges where it is subjected to a severe use in shipping andstoring operations involving the handling of materials of considerableweight.

In this and other forms of drum and barrel constructions, it will beunderstood that corrugated sheetI iron may be used in manufacturing therel-fillable barrels. For the construction of certain forms of thebarrels for very heavy materials, one or both inner and outer concentricshells I2 and II are preferably corrugated to produce a more ruggedconstruction. The barrel ends or heads may be designed concave or convexin accordance with the best practice and requirements `of the industry.

The foregoing description 'is made in reference to the first example ofthe invention comprising the barrel per se, and after other forms areexplained, a further statement will be given of the several uses andemptying processes to which one or more of the barrel means may be usedas an The second form in Figures 2 and 3 This form of the inventionconsists of re-llaable barrel means for re-use in emptying operationsturn to the producer fr re-lling with the same or a like commodity.Furthermore, there has been saved the hazardous or wasteful choppingoperation of breaking open barrels and thencollecting together thescattered pieces of tar or other material.

Figure 6 shows a plural heating and emptying apparatus and its mode ofuse. There is shown a series or number of barrels connected in parallelor multiple with control valve mean illustrating how my invention isadapted to large scale operations and the emptying of one or morebarrels at a time on a large receiving vat 6|.

Cro-ss bar supports 6D are placed on the vat 6| and the barrels l1 restthereon. A plurality-of barrels are shown above the vat 6|, some ofwhich are in the process of being emptied and others are eithercompletely emptied or comprise newly received full barrels of materialbeing made ready to heat and empty. A fluid heating feed pipe 62, forhot water, oil or steam, connects with the upper portion of the barrelsl1, While a return pipe 63 connects with the lower ends of the barrels.A number of feed taps or branches 64 are provided along the feed pipe62.` Each branch or pipe take-off 64 includes a cut-off valve 65 so thateach barrel |1 on the vat 6| can be individually controlled in respectto its supply of heating uid received from the feed pipe 62. A heatingfluid flows in a right-hand direction through the feed pipe 62 from asteam boiler or other source of supply, not shown, to such barrels |1 asmay have their valves 65 open and returns 'in a left-hand directionthrough the pipe 63 to said source of supply.

In case it is desired to use steam or other fluid pressure heating meansto be transmitted through feed and return piping 62 and 63 or conduitsystem, it usually follows that Iprovide a pressure reducing orregulating valve 66 having a conventional pressure regulating screw 61.In this way the inlet pipe 62 has its pressure reduced below that of thesource of supply which is usually greater than necessary for thepurposes of this invention, and hence the pressure is modied to a mere10 or 20 pounds pressure which' is ordinarily of sucient temperature forheating the one or more barrels |1 to empty its contents. Likewise, ifsteam heating is used, a steam trap 68 is included in the return pipe 63for the purpose of entrapping and retarding the ow of the low pressuresteam back to the boiler s as to hold the steam within thebarrel jacketsuntil condensation sets in. The individual heating supply take-offs 64may be connected and detached from one or more barrels |1 at will, andthe valves 65 open or close the branch pipes 64 so that f one or morebarrels may be heated at a time Vwithout interference with theothers.

The foregoing arrangement, for single or plural /barrel use, providessafe apparatus for emptying the barrel or barrels which are capable ofbeing manufactured quite economically becauseva comparatively low uidpressure of 10 to 20 or 30 pounds pressure inside the jacket issufficient to melt out the materials. Therefore, low pressureinexpensive barrels can be used by the industry and connected to anyavailable steam supply. Ordinarily a steam pressure of from 5 to 40pounds pressure may be used for melting and emptying various materials.In the event hot oil or water is used to melt out the barrel contents,the pressure reducing valve and steam trap are not necessarily employed.The conduit system with the pressure regulatingl valve aosm and steamtrap means, and the jacketed barrels as elements in the combination,provide material l and labor saving Ameans in the particular field ofviscous and semi-solid substances to which this invention is directed.

Fourth form shown in Figures 7, .iL-and 9 plastic or semi-solidmaterials to re-soften them to a fiowable state. This barrel isespecially useful for the handling of many commercial forms of plasticcommodities used in the chemical manufacturing industries.

An inner cylindrical container or body 16 is closed at, its upper endwith an inner head 1| and at its lower end with a bottom inner head 12.These two ends or flat heads 1| and 12 may be flanged or otherwiseshaped for riveting or welding the same into the container body lil. Anouter barrel or body 13 is likewise joined or closed at its ends byjacket heads 14 and 15. Any suitable form of welded or rivetedconstruction may be resorted to and appropriate strengthening ribs orflange means employed at the joining seams of the several heads and bodym'embers. The foregoing construction provides a continuously annular andend heating jacketed Water chamber 16 formed all around the innercontainer and at its ends 1| and 12.

An aperture 69 is made in the upper and outer` barrel head jacket 16 forthe reception of water the inner container. Thus plug 18 is laterremoved during barrel emptying operation at the consumers plant tohasten the discharge operation.

Within the jackted heating space 16, and at one end of. this re-llablebarrel, say the lower end thereof, there is provided an electricalheater of any suitable form. In the present example of the invention,this heater is more appropriately constructed in the shape of a disk 80made of insulation and within which is sealed an electrical heatingelement or resistance 8|. Two terminals of the heating element 8| areattached to plug connector jacks or prongs 82.designed for the receptionof any standard form of electrical plug connector, not shown, andcarried on the end of a Aiiexible electric cord or wire in the usualway.

Electric current is transmitted to theheating element 8| from anyelectric circuit or power line and quickly raises the temperature of thedesigned for hard usage and immersion in the water chamber 16. Theresistance element 8| The electrical heater 80, 8| is of ,anyappropriate construction but is rugged and lsaid material is readilypoured while" warm into is sealed within or between the flat sides ofthe .heater body 86. It is also noted that the heater accosta whichpasses through both inner and outer bar rel heads l2 and l5 and by theplug connector block tt andpther means.

The spacer ange or sleeve t5 is secured at the bottom of the drumbetween the spaced heads 'it and 'i5 in any suitable manner as bywelding .it in position and completing the anchorage thereof by a nut ttwhich makes accessible the electrical heater t@ if need should arise bycutting out the rivets through the bottom harige of the barrel. Thismember t5 provides a drain or Ieo discharge opening tl from the innercontainer l@ out through the bottom portion of the water jacket. spacellt. The :hanged member et may appropriately pass through the electricalheater disk tt. A drain plug tt isscrew threaded into the flange t5 andremovable yfor the purpose of draining the viscous material from theinner con` tainer it of the re-llablebarrel through the use ci theheater device t@ and the hot water jacket it.

in use, the barrel it is placed above a receive.

ing vat-or kettle, the plugs 'it and tt are removed and an electricalconnection is made at Water is poured into the 4heating jacket space itthrough the water nil t@ and covers the heater tit, the burner orresistance element ti of which is impervious to water-because sealedwith the water proof housing ttl, The heater quickly raises thetemperature oi the water in the hot waterannular jacket space 'it andhence the water transmits or distributes the heat from the electricalheater throughout the entire range ci the water chamber it with the,result that the congealed contents are promptly softened and melted outso that'all the material and the barrel are saved,

General features 'and basis of intention There are a number oi otherfactors and equivaient structures which are further instructive to theart andV although not actuallyshown in the drawings will nevertheless herecogniaed'as coming within the principles of this invention and coveredby the appended clairns. Irlhese li will hrieidy mention as alternativeor rnodihed iorrns oi this invention.

One practical modic'ation takes the forni ci an appliance jacketAcomprising an open bottom cy= lindrical jacket in the forni oi a slip=onor slip= over/heating devlce'designed to envelope any torni ci viscousor semi-solid container, This appli= ance may heated electrically, hysteam for-other inea-ns, lit is specially devised for conventionalcontainers or noneiacketed barrels and forms an heatingchamber aroundthe container placed thereon to entirely cover and heat s the harrelic'orthef'purposes already explained.

Aricain l producen harrelstructure carrying s iacket inea-ns, preierahlyan annular heatingretin conchination with one end, 'or head t, saysiarto the torni shown in Figures 1 2 t. .The characteristic or outstandingteas ture oi thiespecies oi' my `inventicui resides in the removahlehottom which. comprises the harrel head, wherein' its iasteningholts areremoved,

. and when the 'top and sides oi the contents are heated, it followsthat 'the .weight thereoi7 serves to quickly detach the hatch or massoitar or was from the interior oil the narici, and the `whole lotv dropsout-into the hottie without waiting tallone -iy and drain out through a'harige/opening renuiredin other iorms of `the invention.

' There is another species or harrelmeans come" prehended hy maar hereinmade, d this in' a heated state.

wasteful methods used in transporting and emp tying semif-solids,plastic and viscous coniniodi-s ties, many of which arequite expensiveto produce. While' jacketed containers are in themselves known to theart, it appears that there'are not teachings in reference thereto inthis field or branch or theV chemical industry as regards my particularuse and materials handled. Hence the barrels and shipping s hereindisclosed are modihed and constructed particularly for my uses and thematerials'named, and will serve a wide use, promote safety, economy, andpromote the development ci some off these materials not yyet in generaluse,

What is claimed is: l

i., A re-llable storage and transportation barrel for viscous andsemi=solid materials, comprising in combination, a receptacle, a jacketaround the receptacle forming a heating space adjacent: said receptacle,inlet and outlet pipe v connections provided inthe jacket to circulate aheating huid thru. said jacket and heating space, a pressure reducing mt. included in the inlet pipe connection whereby the barrel may besafely attached to any available Ahigh pressure uid heating line and thepressure of that line diminished to safe working pressure andternperaturel limits, and receiving and discharge openings in thereceptacle tor ing and emptying the barrel while the material is in aheated state.

2, a. re-ahle storage and transportation bar- Y rel for viscous andsemi-solid materials; coiupris-n ing in combination, a receptacle, ajacket around the receptacle forming a heating space adjacent saidreceptacle, inletand outlet pipeconnections provided in the jacket tocirculate a heating uiol thru said jacket andi-heating space, a huidpressure entrapplng means in theoutlet pipe connection to retain saidheating duid within the jacket and heating space, ,and receiving anddischarge openings in the receptacle fory nlling d emptyu1 ing theharrel while the material is in a heated state,

rel ior viscous and semi-solid materials, compris-u ing in combination,a receptacle, a Jacket around 3. il re-hllahle storage andtransportation barthe receptacle icing a heating spaceadjacent saidreceptacle, inlet and outlet pipe connections provided in the jacket tocirculate a heating duid thru said jacket and heating space,a pressurereducing means includ in the` inlet pipe con-a nection whereby theharrel` may he safely at- I tached to any available high pressure r'iuidheat ing line andthe pressure ot that line diished to sate worg pressureand temperature limits,

' a huid pre entrapping means in the outlet pipe connection to retainsaidheatinghuid vvithfI in the jacket d heating space, and receiving anddischarge openings in the receptaclev for ing and emptying the barrelwhile the material is l, Storage and shippingy te r ng us d cenit-solidmaterials which soif win h v if a receptacle having el means for hanl afill and discharge opening to hold the material which congeals therein,aI jacket forming a heating space about the receptacle, and a heatingdevice at one end of the barrel means and disposed within the jacket,said heating device comprising a hermetically sealed heater imperviousto water; and a Water fill inlet being provided in the jacket thru whichWater is poured to fill the jacket and immerse the heating device,whereby the water is heated to raise the temperature of the receptacleto melt out the material to render the barrel means re-usable.

5. Storage and shipping barrel means for handling viscous and semi-solidmaterial which softens when heated, comprising a receptacle having aiill and discharge opening to hold the material i which congealstherein, a jacket forming a heating space about thefreceptacle,y anelectrical heater carried by the barrel means; and a water inlet madethruv the jacket adapting the latter to 'be filled with Water y whichows down to and is heated by the electrical heater, whereby the hotwater heats the receptacle to soften the congealed material which flowsout to free the barrel means for 4(re-use. i

6. Storage and shipping barrel means for handlingviscous and semi-solidmaterial which softens when heated, comprising a receptacle having afill and discharge opening to hold the material which congeals therein,a jacket forming a heating space about the receptacle, the jacket havingan opening thru which said jacket is lled with j water, a disk at oneend of the barrel and immersed in the water, an electrical heater sealedin the disk, an electrical plug disposed thru the jacket for connectionwith a current supply, and the aforesaid discharge opening extendingdownwardly thru the disk and thru the jacket.

'7. A shipping and storage barrel for re-use in handling Viscous andsemi-solid materials which l soften when heated, comprising acylindrical receptacle having a fill and a discharge opening, a' jacketformed at each end of the receptacle and circumferentially around saidreceptacle, an electrical heater disposed in the jacket at one end ofthe receptacle, and a water ll inlet being provided at the other end ofthe receptacle.

`congeals in the receptacle, an electrical heater in the jacket, adischarge opening formed thru the jacket and leading thru the heatingspace and being connected with the receptacle and also passing thru theelectrical heater to empty the barrel when the material is re-softenedby said heater, and a water fill inlet formed in the jacket andconnecting with the heating space by which the latter is lled to conductheat from the electrical heater to all parts of the receptacle.

. 9. A shipping and storage barrel for re-use in 'handling viscous andsemi-solid materials which soften when heated, comprising concentricallyarranged receptacles one Within the other, providing a jacketed heatingspace entirely surrounding the inner receptacle at its ends and itssides, anr apertured spacer member anchored between the receptacles atopposite ends of the latter to rigidly honi them together in speeedrelation, a

closure plug in one apertured spacer member and serving as a iill inletthru which the material is poured into the inner receptacle, a closureplug in the other, apertured spacer member and serving as a dischargeoutlet to empty the barrel for re-use, an electrical heater mounted inthe heating space proximate the discharge outlet, the outer receptaclebeing provided with a water receiving inlet proximate the ll inlet andthru which the heating space is lled with water to cover the electricalheater.

10. A portable and reiillable barrel for storing and transportingsemi-solid materials of a viscous or plastic nature when cold, but whichsoften and liquefy to a pouring consistency when heated, said barrelcomprising in combination, a cylindrical receptacle in the form of aportable barrel of a convenient size which can be handled manually androlled on its side or stood on itsend or placed on a support above a vatadapted to receive the heated contents which pour therefrom, the saidbarrel top and bottom ends forming iiat heads for the latter purpose,the barrel being provided with i an inlet port having a closure in thehead thereof to receive the materials thereinto while heated and hencein a state of pouring consistency, which inlet pio-rt is opened to ventthe barrel when emptying the heated contents therefrom, and

which' heated materials thereafter congeal or solidify inside saidbarrel and adhere to the walls thereof as a consequence of cooling whenstored or transported in said barrel, a discharge port having a closureprovided in the bottom of the barrel out through' which the softenedmaterials discharge into a vat when heated to empty said barrel forre-use in again storing or transporting said semi-solid materials,heating means comprising a jacket surrounding the barrel throughout itsheight and forming an annular space coextensive with the barrel for aheating fluid therein whereby to raisethe temperature of said congealedor solidiied materials to re-soften and re-liquefy same to a pouringconsistency by maintaining a heating fluid in said annular space untilthe barrel drains, and an inlet port provided through the jacket andcommunicating with the Iannular space by which to\introduce said heatingfluid thereinto to melt and free the congealed material from theinterior walls of the barrel, said jacket extending-from end to end ofthe barrel and forming a circular contact fedge at each end on which thebarrel may roll or tip to engage the ground or oor or rest upon asupport, above a vat in connection with manually 'handling the barrelaforesaid.l

NICHOLAS BALYOZIAN. 66

